As with other enumitem lists, labels and (horizontal) spacing can be set with key values as well as custom settings for the elements between the list items (typically punctuation). This package provides user control over the layout of the three basic list environments: enumerate, itemize and description. In some documents say,a statement of some society byelaws they list out a range of short paragraphs (hardly three or four lines in each para). And Don’t forget to include the enumitem package otherwise the command will not work. Two runs are obviously needed to get the counters in synch. For example in the following MWE: documentclass{article} usepackage{enumitem} setlist[itemize]{align=parleft,left=0pt. In the code below I've used the setlist command to customize the enumerate environment. 2 Answers. This is what I used to get a compact list: usepackage {enumitem} setlist {topsep=0pt, leftmargin=*} Then use egin {itemize} as usual to start a list. g. I have to make the list look exactly like this (Cyrillic letters are not the problem). . Here labelindent is a new parameter introduced by enumitem, described below. The rest are those in standard LATEX. Please note that enumitem takes care of the correct value, i. egin {itemize} item extbf {src} contains the activities as well as the java code. end {description} item Et on termine par un second élément. 番号付き箇条書き. you can use the default template for the enumerate subitem: documentclass {beamer} usepackage {ragged2e} useinnertheme {rounded}. enumitem provides a wealth of features so we can’t cover all of them but we can provide a few basic examples to help get you get started. For that one item, I want to remove the label and decrease the indent so that item is aligned with the labels of the previous items. For changing the default settings, you can either supply an updated label to the itemize environment, or create your own using ewlist together with \setlist: This package provides user control over the layout of the three basic list environments: enumerate, itemize and description. 37. Enumerate items with respect to chapters. 5. (For example, it’s a bit tricky to obtain enumerations with _bold_ letters: (a), (b) etc with the enumerate package – try it! With enumitem, it’s much easier. Enumitem 3. You can customize those environments using package enumitem. It only takes a minute to sign up. 25em, parsep=0pt] item Example Example. For example, to use upper case letters for the first level and lower case letters for the second level of enumeration: enewcommand {labelenumi} {Alph {enumi. 後半は enumitem パッケージを用いた拡張的な方法について解説します。. As mentioned by cfr, one shouldn't load two packages which tackles the same problems, like enumerate and enumitem. TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting. 3. Jul 15, 2013 at 21:13. The simplest way to solve this is to simply add the line. In this case, the. Enumitem 3. produces lists whose entries have zero indentation. You can use setlist[enumerate]{itemsep=0mm} to change enumerate globally, and something like egin{enumerate}[itemsep=5mm] to change locally. Just load the parskip package and don't change the parskip and parindent lengths manually. item extbf {gen} item extbf {assets} item extbf {bin} end. If you are using the enumitem package you can. I believe the solution is somewhere in the enumitem package but I can't figure it out. \usepackage{enumitem} \begin{frame} \begin{itemize}[noitemsep] \item Apples \item Oranges \item Bananas \end{itemize} \end{frame} Output (the bullets have disappeared): Any hints regarding what settings I should use with enumitem when using Beamer, or what other alternative packages I can use (which is more compatible with Beamer) which can. Sorted by: 7. " in the text, which isn't desirable. If you do not have the version 3 of the enumitem. setlistdepth to `8`) for. The starred form setlist* adds the settings to previous ones. Using the enumitem package with beamer is not a good idea; for example, just by loading enumitem, the default beamer font and color specifications for description are lost; moreover setbeamercolor and setbeamerfont will have no effect on description item; even worst, the enumitem package will also interfere with the beamer layout for. 3. documentclass [12pt] {article} %% (I've simplified the. Sign up to join this communityRemove indentation of itemize globally. You can use the enumitem package that also frees you from manually adding the separators. 26. item Some text that goes onto. Spanish babel forces the use of upper case. Actually, the layout is more complex because the label box (ie, labelwidth) could stick into the margin, which means labelindent takes a negative value. 2. 4 Answers. The only thing i did not manage to achieve is to change the font size and the font itself of the label. Since this is a numbered list, you should use the enumerate environment so that numbering is automatic instead of manually numbering each item. 1em} % egin{document} % egin{itemize} item. LaTeX Error: Something's wrong--perhaps a missing item. You can use the enumitem package: documentclass{article} usepackage{enumitem} egin{document} egin{enumerate}[label= extbf{S. It provides the means for use a starter value (. Here is an example using small letters, capital letters, and Roman numbers as counters: documentclass{article} usepackage{enumitem} egin{document} egin{enumerate}[label=(alph*)] item an apple item a banana item a carrot item a. The enumitem package is the recommended method for modifying standard LaTeX lists or creating your own custom list formats. These may be redefined with the \renewcommand command. For the second level list you can use \begin {enumerate} [label=\arabic*] and for subsequent lists where you want the numbering to continue you need to indicate that the numbering is to continue: \begin {enumerate} [label=\arabic*, resume*]. You should consider placing letlatexitemitem in the preamble outside of the changeitem macro. In the first try, the case didn't increase from. What I tried to do was use setcounter {enmui} {. I had hoped that I could then \addtocounter {enmui} {-1} so that the next \item would have the same label as the one I referenced. stefanbschneider. ここで紹介する enumitem を使うと，これら3つの標準. 25in, right=1. \setlist {leftmargin=10pt} Full example: the enumitem package adds another parameter \labelindent for the blank space from the margin of the enclosing list/text to the left edge of the label box. end{enumerate} I tried this with enumitem but it didn't work. TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems. Follow. } in a later enumerate environment with a reference to the label of the previous item. Segletes. 1 Answer. Follow edited Aug 5, 2019 at 20:47. 3. Here labelindent is a new parameter introduced by enumitem, described below. documentclass{article} usepackage{enumitem} egin{document} egin{enumerate}[label=(alph*)] item The first item egin{enumerate}[label*=arabic*. I'm wondering how to show the original enumerating instead of alpha inside the list. enumitem package is included. It only takes a minute to sign up. Mar 25, 2014 at 7:54. First, load the package: usepackage {enumitem} Then, for instance, if you like to set both left margin and item indentation to 10pt, for the first level (0): setitemize [0] {leftmargin=10pt,itemindent=10pt} For example, if the bulletpoints shall align with the left margin of the text, use. If you need it to be zero, just choose the [leftmargin=*] option. It only takes a minute to sign up. Latex indentation with enumitem package. If you want the items to really work as ordinary lines I guess they should be indented like. Skip a level in nested list. sty installed, then download enumitem. 1 of the enumitem mahual, or a more-readable version in expl3. If you use an itemize environment along with the enumitem package, you can add the statements. – TH. Counter values can be printed in as Roman numerals using oman {<counter>} (lowercase) and Roman {<counter>} (uppercase). . It starts with a shaky assumption, which pushes small labels too far to the right, and extends beyond the left margin if the enumeration gets big enough (I know the 10000 value. nested enumerated lists numbered for mathematical proofs. For changing the default settings, you can either supply an updated label to the itemize environment, or create your own using ewlist together with setlist:If you want to make a global setting to your list (rather than the optional argument on a per-list basis), you can use. That means that if they get longer they stick out to the left. 4 of the enumitem manual). I am not sure whether this is, what you want to achieve, but you can explicitly set the label of an item. For. Sign up to join this community. Here's the dependencies between the relevant horizontal parameters: \leftmargin + \itemindent = \labelindent + \labelwidth + \labelsep. The descenum environment is basically the same as an enumerate environment, but in this environment (and only there) the item command is modified to take an argument, which is placed between parentheses after the number of the enumerated. This item is longer, to show how text should be aligned when it wraps after the end of a line. Since the labelindent command exists for legacy reasons in the IEEE template, you can simply "disable" it by adding the following before importing the enumitem package: let labelindent elax. parsep controls the amount of space between paragraphs, itemsep that between items: see other page on this site. the counter will not increased again. enumitem provides a wealth of features so we can’t cover all of them but we can provide a few basic examples to help get you get started. Follow. This means you can either adjust the margins locally, e. documentclass {article} usepackage {enumitem} setlist [enumerate,1. Text between items of enumerate without using enumitem. The numbering style for the enumeration is determined by the commands, \labelenumi, \labelenumii, etc. Indentation of new list levels with enumitem. but it seems to disturb beamer quite a bit. Undefined control sequence. enum. It starts with a shaky assumption, which pushes small labels too far to the right, and extends beyond the left margin if the enumeration gets big enough (I know the 10000 value. Like Geoff's answer, I found a solution I like using enumitem. Does one really require setting the enumeration list depth (e. setlistdepth", the version of enumitem. Actually, the layout is more complex because the label box (ie, labelwidth) could stick into the margin, which means labelindent takes a negative value. I was to align the entire list element about 0. Package enumitem provides you a simple interface to customize the appearance of lists. You need to use the shortlabels option to have compatibility with the enumerate -like scheme for labels: \documentclass [] {article} \usepackage {enumerate} \usepackage [shortlabels] {enumitem} \begin {document} \begin {enumerate} [1. sty in the same folder as your . Location: CTAN tex-archive macros latex contrib enumitem Directory macros/latex/contrib/enumitem README. So far, everything works, but I realized, that a proper indentation of new list levels is missing. 5 Answers. setlist [enumerate,1] {label= { (arabic*)}} will use (1) for the first level, oman* will change to (i) etc. The rest are those in standard LATEX. :) See What is the difference between Fragile and Robust commands? for some explanation. Step 2 : second step. You just have to put this setlist [itemize] {leftmargin=*} in the preamble. 1 Answer. This is my first post, so hopefully I'm clear, and posting this to the right place. does not end a paragraph, it just breaks the line. 1 Answer. 51. Sorted by: 2. I have a package which creates some lists using enumitem. documentclass{article} usepackage{enumitem} egin{document} egin{enumerate}[label=Aarabic*] item First item item Second item end{enumerate}. 2 Answers. I was able to solve the problem with enumitem package. Then, each loaded package does the same sequentially. item [B)] Information is data that has been processed and communicated in such a way that it can be interpreted and understood by the recipient. ] item Nested item 1 item Nested item 2. Sure you need to add \usepackage {enumitem} in the preamble. TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems. enumitem provides a wealth of features so we can’t cover all of them but we can provide a few basic examples to help get you get started. You may also set it per-environment. You can use the enumitem package to customise lists. The package enumitem provides a simple way to define you own list environments. option can be used. } etc. i. \usepackage [inline] {enumitem} and \begin {enumerate*}\end {enumerate*} (with asterisks) should do your work. Thank you for your help! enumitem offers ready-made options for eliminating the space between items and paragraphs within the list (noitemsep) or all vertical spacing (nosep): \documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage{enumitem, kantlipsum} \begin{document} \paragraph{List without vertical spacing between items and paragraphs:} \kant[2] \begin{enumerate}[noitemsep] \item a \item b \item c \end{enumerate} Something. I am used to enumitem than enumerate as it is newer and offers much more customizations. You can then use these to get a horizontal enumeration. 34. TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems. 1. I am not sure whether this is, what you want to achieve, but you can explicitly set the label of an item. It needs to be before egin {enumerate} not after as the. - let ightlist elax. The value of label is a moving argument, so fragile commands need to be protected using protect (warning p. 9. It only takes a minute to sign up. The rest are those in standard LATEX. . For comparison purposes I put the two lists (one on the right uses SubItem) in a minipage:. I'm currently trying to customize a ennumerate list with enumitem and i got really far. Within this redefinition you could adjust the LaTeX list length macros. 调整间距的参数命令包括两类。. e. As with other enumitem lists, labels and (horizontal) spacing can be set with key values as well as custom settings for the elements between the list items (typically punctuation). answered Mar 18, 2020 at 9:37. This package provides user control over the layout of the three basic list environments: enumerate, itemize and description. . Itemize Cross-referencing items in unordered lists (bullet items) is not supported and. . You are using the enumitem package. By reading opsep, itemsep, partopsep and parsep - what does each of them mean (and what about the bottom)?, I learned how spacing works, therefore I am trying to do some spacing settings/adjus. e. , the class sets @itempenalty implicitly to 0. As can be seen, the font size of the normal text isn't changed. 1 Answer. Share. To get enumerated and itemized lists that have the same amounts of left-hand and right-hand indentation, I'd recommend using the enumitem package -- which provides many extensions to and improvements over LaTeX's list environments -- and its leftmargin and rightmargin options. 5mm} In this case, enumerate d lists will not also be effected. Sorted by: 1. listparindent is taht value used for the indent with enumitem. E3. The solution also employs the machinery of the amsthm package to streamline the definition of the problem environment. The enumitem package is the recommended method for modifying standard LaTeX lists or creating your own custom list formats. You can change this with the align key: \documentclass [] {article}% \usepackage [shortlabels] {enumitem} \begin {document} Here's my first list, which has the label ``Note'', but the indentation is too far to the left: \begin {itemize. In the code below I've used the \setlist command to customize the enumerate environment. This does not change the way enumerate environments are numbered outside of theorem! Another way is to use a special enumtheo list with ewlist and the same. Also consider package paralist which adds the possibility of having in-line enumeration. A complete MWE follows. I am sure one of packages mentionion by Christian Hupfer would do a much better job, but here is a quick solution to your specific problem. In fact that solved my problem in a case where I added an new citation to my *. You may achieve your formatting objective by (a) loading the enumitem package and using some of its capabilities -- specifically, setting the options nosep, wide=0pt, leftmargin=*, and after=strut -- and (b) encasing the itemize environment inside a minipage` environment. 2. BTW, there's normally no need to add manual line breaks ( ) in the text. I present three examples: \documentclass [12pt] {article} \usepackage {enumitem} \usepackage {showframe} % just. For example, with setlist[enumerate]{leftmargin=10mm, label=alph*)}. usepackage[inline]{enumitem} and egin{enumerate*}end{enumerate*} (with asterisks) should do your work. 3. As Bernard mentioned, if the list is a new one, you need to set at least the label because, in this case, you are creating a new list from scratch. In this case, documentclass {beamer} usepackage {enumitem} setlist [itemize] {noitemsep, nolistsep} egin {document} egin {frame} egin {itemize} item Item 1 item. ",. enumerate labels are right aligned. These may be redefined with the enewcommand command. md Enumitem 3. It only takes a minute to sign up. egin{enumerate}[label=protectcircled{arabic*}] item First item item Second item item Third item item Fourth item end{enumerate}2 Answers. You don't need the before key; just revert to ormalfont for the label and apply itshape; by using [description] as optional argument to setlist only this environment will be affected. You can use the enumitem package: documentclass{article} usepackage{enumitem} usepackage{lipsum}% just to generate text for the example egin{document}. tex to get the documentation. `enumitem` to use depth levels ? Code, edit and compile here:% +-----+ % | Typeset enumitem. One of these is the enumitem package that simplifies the formatting of itemized lists, description lists, and enumerated lists. Splitting content of itemize items into two columns. Latest changes 3. 1 Answer. Of course this warning isn't helpful if you don't know what it means. As mentioned by cfr, one shouldn't load two packages which tackles the same problems, like enumerate and enumitem. This means you can either adjust the margins locally, e. g. Just use the enumitem package as described in the answer this question is a duplicate of. For an example, you may want to. I would like LaTex to use page breaks within the tabularx environment, so that one part of the contains of LongText will be displayed on the first and the rest on the second page. You can use only enumitem to define your customized list as a paralist's compactenum variation using the nolistsep key: documentclass{article} usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} usepackage{enumitem} ewlist{compactenum}{enumerate}{4} setlist[compactenum,1]{nolistsep} egin{document} egin{enumerate}[label=(alph*)]. The enumitem package is the recommended method for modifying standard LaTeX lists or creating your own custom list formats. Using \item [Xxx] will get you the first level list. Note that you have to change hethm to the counter you're using for your theorems. 更新版：2017/04/15 (旧題：enumitem. usepackage{setspace} usepackage{enumitem} setlist{nosep} setlist[itemize]{topsep=-parskip} egin{document} section{List embedded in paragraph} A paragraph to demonstrate full parskip. This is my first post, so hopefully I'm clear, and posting this to the right place. The code in the preamble defines a new command namedlabel which produces the name when cross-referencing the item. Oct 11, 2015 at 15:30. This can easily be done using the enumitem package, for example: \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{enumitem} \begin{document} \begin{enumerate} \item One \item Two \end{enumerate} Some text \begin{enumerate}[resume] \item Three \end{enumerate} \end{document} Mar 25, 2014 at 7:54. \documentclass {article} \usepackage {lipsum} % for dummy text \usepackage {enumitem} \setlist {nosep} % or \setlist {noitemsep} to leave space around whole list \begin {document} \lipsum [1] \begin {enumerate} \item foo \item bar \end {enumerate} \lipsum [2] \end {document. Indenting in a description environment margin problem. in a TeX group, before egin {enumerate}. The standard way to change list parameters globally is to use \setlist, but this sometimes produces errors if the list is a custom one. Para crear listas y enumeraciones en LaTeX tenemos los comandos itemize y enumerate. Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge,. documentclass{article} usepackage{enumitem} egin{document} A list:. latex 如何 itemsize 中的 item 不进行缩进. You can have one of these, for instance, depending on where you want to have the list left margin: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{geometry} \usepackage{enumitem. enumerate is quite old and you should probably use enumitem but you can use enumerate but you are misusing it egin {enumerate} [ (b)] should be egin {enumerate} [ (a)]setcounter {enumii} {2} Only a is a special value to set the counter format you can not use b to set the start value. Whenever you're customizing a list, the enumitem is your best friend. If you don't want to do so, here's a hack, but it is somehow maintainable: Use the enumitem package and do the following: egin{description}[font=$ullet$scshapefseries] That is, you encode the special stuff in the thing that should be your font, but it works fine, as long as the $ullet (or equivalent). (a) Unicorns don't exist. enumitem provides a wealth of features so we can’t cover all of them but we can provide a few basic examples to help get you get started. 5 item o hai. (iii) Item 3. The above MWE provides itemize* that takes a single optional argument (<num>), setting a "list" inline (like enumitem 's [inline] option). As Bernard mentioned, if the list is a new one, you need to set at least the label because, in this case, you are creating a new list from scratch. Share. A big plus point is also the resuming of enumerate counters after a break. Sorted by: 8. Viewed 2k times. enumitem provides a wealth of features so we can’t cover all of them but we can provide a few basic examples to help get you get started. Use label* instead of label on the 2nd enumerate. 1 Answer. Here labelindent is a new parameter introduced by enumitem, described below. , they set @itempenalty to -51 and hereby encourage page breaks between list items. This requires to know how to work with the LaTeX list environment. Stopping hang into left margin with enumitem. . item [foo]label {foo} will not place a correct label, neither for the reference itself nor the linking if hyperref is used, since no counter is involved with the item [] version of item. The trade-off is that it requires an additional compilation run because widths measured during one run will only. And you don't need to use AtBeginEnvironment since enumitem has a before key for injecting this sort of code. The enumitem package is the recommended method for modifying standard LaTeX lists or creating your own custom list formats. To set all colors at once, use allcolors=black. One of the environments could look like: egin {enumerate} item label {one} item end {enumerate} referring back to cref {one} Now if I reference this item later, it will say: referring back to item 1. setlist {leftmargin=10pt} Full example:the enumitem package adds another parameter labelindent for the blank space from the margin of the enclosing list/text to the left edge of the label box. I use vspace, gives you full control on the amount of space. All enumitem label possibilities such as \Alph*, \arabic* use the star to indicate, that the command \Alph{enum. The enumitem package is the recommended method for modifying standard LaTeX lists or creating your own custom list formats. enumerate – Enumerate with redefinable labels. I want to be able to indent individual items in an enumerate environment. When creating cross-references to items in roman. A possible solution is define an explicit @currentlabel, then apply label, thereby faking the usage of some counter. Unlike itemsep, which is the distance between two adjacent entries, parsep is the distance between an entry and a following paragraph. 1. use resume*, a bit anoying yes, it has something to do with backwards compatibility with earlier enumitem versions. } etc. I couldn't figure out how to get the text to be flush with the edge. enumitem packages have many options for completing the same task. What I mean by enumerated paragraphs is that, in a particular section/subsection, a list of short paragraphs which are enumerated but prefixed with the concerned section/subsection number. enumitem can be used together or as enumerate using the shortlabels option. ) This can only work together with enumitem, if. Must be nonnegative. I read the documentation in this pdf I couldn't figure out how to get the text. Since you desired to have the parenthesis aligned as well, makebox[1. Simple with enumitemand its before key: documentclass{article} usepackage[T1]{fontenc} usepackage{enumitem} usepackage{lipsum} egin{document}. . and. Currently, with. This can also be done like this: usepackage [hidelinks] {hyperref}. Local: Every time you want an individual enumerate environment with bold numbers/letters/numerals (whatever. ] item some egin. I'm trying to customize my itemize list in a Beamer slide using the noitemsep. 0. setlistdepth for enumitem. You should set leftmargin=0pt for the inner list. ) Here's the output of an MWE that also shows how one may cross. Loading the enumitem package removes the sign. I'm trying to create an enumerated list, where each list element is multi-lined. 9. El funcionamiento de estos dos comandos es muy simple. Something like the following (untested, values may actually differ since I don’t know what reference point is used): ewenvironment {noindlist} {egin {list} {labelitemi} {leftmargin=0em itemindent=0em}} {end {list}} Share. 3. After <num> entries, a paragraph break par is inserted. 3. )In a few of these sections, we have enumerate d environments. But the dot shouldn't be visible in the text, if we do a reference). {enumitem} egin{document} egin{enumerate*}[label=arabic)] item ohai item yes end{enumerate*} end{document} I see the following error: ERROR: Missing number, treated as zero. 9. ",. TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems. edited Sep 9, 2015 at 15:17. ] to begin each of your lists. The enumitem package allows you to customize the numbering and bullets of the lists. To begin with, I had to employ some trickery to not have enumtitle overwrite the selected slide style. Here is a solution that uses the eqparbox package to measure item label widths. <num> is set by default to 1234 (just a large enough number). Sign up to join this community. A per- \item change of colour is possible using the optional argument of \item [. latex 使用 enumitem 宏包调整上下左右缩进间距，标签样式. Resetting for level two will set the fonts. @JairoADelRio what if I already have. The package’s prime purpose is to save space at every touch and turn: don’t use it. The question How to have the same counter in two enumerate lists? was closed as a duplicate of this one but introduced a slight difference: one of the pieces of the enumeration was inside a theorem environment. The command ewlist in combination with setlist are the relavant commands. If LaTeX in this context looks for a closing ], it simply closes all from beginning [. This uses enumitem and its ability to clone the usual enumerate lists with ewlist and define it as a maximum 2 level nesting list, with first level labelled lower case roman figures, the deeper level with upper case roman figures. I'm pretty amazed enumitem doesn't fall in the 'basic' category. egin {enumerate} item [0. To completely eliminate that space without changing parskip, you can use. As you have formulated it, each new changeitem will be relative to the current definition of item. In the code below, assume that the custom list test is defined in the package, i. Note: I remove [label=(alph*)] and [resume*], this all works perfectly. I am using enumerate (with the package enumitem) and want to make lists as in the example below. egin. And Don’t forget to include the enumitem package otherwise the command will not work. diazdeus Posts: 32 Joined: Fri Sep 28, 2018 7:34 pm. You have to define a label for later reference: itemlabel {th2} Thing 2 and then you can say Theorem~ ef {thm:4. This can be used for doing the necessary arithmetic with the help of getrefnumber. md Enumitem 3. . The enumitem package is newer has many more facilities than the lighter weight paralist. An example of how one can do things with enumitem: either with global settings or with optional arguments for each individual enumerate environments (these override the global settings): documentclass[12pt, a4paper]{article} usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} usepackage[T1]{fontenc} usepackage{lmodern} usepackage[shortlabels]{enumitem}. The problem is that the notes won't fit. bib which went just fine before, while the catch is that the "%" has been there in another entry all the time without making any problems but it started to do after adding a. I know this could be achieved by defining a counter for each item, or even hard-coding the values, but I'd rather do this with labels and references if possible. To indent the first line of the items equally to the indentation of paragraphs, you can use wide=parindent or just wide. and.